{ "type": "slideout", "content": { "title": "45-Metric List", "content": "\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCore totals (20)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003eWeight\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eBMI\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eBody Fat Rate (aka body fat %)\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eBody Fat Percentage\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eFat Mass\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eMuscle Mass\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eSkeletal Muscle Mass\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eMuscle vs Fat Ratio\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eVisceral Fat\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eMetabolic Age\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eBasal Metabolic Rate (BMR)\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eHydration (status\/level)\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eWater Weight\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eTotal Body Water (TBW)\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eIntracellular Water (ICW)\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eExtracellular Water (ECW)\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eProtein Levels\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eBone mineral content \/ “bone” metric (often marketed as bone density)\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eHeart health \u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eFull-body segmental scan coverage (arms\/torso\/legs)\u003cbr\/\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSegmental fat % (5)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003eRight Arm Fat %\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eLeft Arm Fat %\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eTrunk Fat %\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eRight Leg Fat %\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eLeft Leg Fat %\u003cbr\/\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSegmental muscle\/lean outputs (5)\u003cbr\/\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003eRight Arm Muscle\/Lean (segmental)\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eLeft Arm Muscle\/Lean (segmental)\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eTrunk Muscle\/Lean (segmental)\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eRight Leg Muscle\/Lean (segmental)\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eLeft Leg Muscle\/Lean (segmental)\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSegmental muscle\/water balance ratings (5)\u003cbr\/\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003eRight Arm Muscle\/Water Balance %\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eLeft Arm Muscle\/Water Balance %\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eTorso Muscle\/Water Balance %\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eRight Leg Muscle\/Water Balance %\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eLeft Leg Muscle\/Water Balance %\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSegmental intracellular-water health (5)\u003cbr\/\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003eRight Arm ICW health (segmental)\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eLeft Arm ICW health (segmental)\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eTorso ICW health (segmental)\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eRight Leg ICW health (segmental)\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eLeft Leg ICW health (segmental)\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ol\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eScoring + insights shown in creative (5)\u003cbr\/\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003eOverall Health Score\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eBody Composition Grade\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eActivity Grade\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eSleep Grade\u003c\/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eRight-vs-left limb difference flag (lean\/muscle asymmetry callout)\u003cbr\/\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ol\u003e" }, "width": 750, "transitionDuration": 150 }

{ "type": "slideout", "content": { "title": "11-modal", "content": "\u003ch4\u003eLean Mass Preservation During GLP‑1-Assisted Weight Loss in Engaged Digital Health Program Participants\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eAn Outcomes Analysis of 6,990 Hume Health Premium Members\n \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHume Health Corp • Internal Outcomes Analysis • 2024\n Correspondence: research@humehealth.com • Methodology available on request\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eABSTRACT\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBackground.\u003c\/b\u003e GLP‑1 receptor agonists produce substantial weight loss but are associated with lean mass loss of\n 25–39%\n of total weight lost in published clinical trials. Lean mass is a primary determinant of resting metabolic rate, and\n its loss during weight reduction is associated with impaired weight maintenance following treatment cessation. This\n analysis examined lean mass outcomes in a real-world cohort of Hume Health premium platform members who met defined\n engagement criteria.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMethods.\u003c\/b\u003e Retrospective analysis of 6,990 Hume Health premium members on GLP‑1 therapy who completed a minimum\n of\n three body composition measurements per week via the Hume Body (8-sensor bioelectrical impedance analysis) and made\n weekly attestations of adherence to Pro.f AI protocol guidance. Body composition was measured at each weigh-in. The\n primary outcome was lean mass loss as a percentage of total weight lost, assessed from highest recorded weight (peak)\n to lowest recorded weight (nadir). Weighted mean lean mass loss was computed as the ratio of aggregate lean mass\n change to aggregate total weight lost across the full cohort.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eResults.\u003c\/b\u003e Mean baseline weight was 105.3 kg (SD 21.8). Mean total weight lost was 21.9 kg (SD 6.8),\n representing 21.3%\n of baseline body weight. The weighted mean lean mass loss as a percentage of total weight lost was 16.9%. The median\n lean mass loss as a percentage of total weight lost was 19.4%. A total of 12.7% of members preserved or increased lean\n mass over the measurement period. Among the 87.3% of members who lost lean mass, mean lean mass loss as a percentage\n of total weight lost was 22.0%.\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\n Conclusions. \u003c\/b\u003e Hume Health premium members on GLP‑1 therapy demonstrated lean mass loss substantially below the\n 25–39%\n range documented in published clinical trials. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that\n high-frequency\n body composition monitoring combined with AI-guided protocol adherence supports favorable body composition\n outcomes\n during medically assisted weight loss.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKeywords:\u003c\/b\u003e \u003ci\u003eGLP‑1 receptor agonists; lean mass preservation; body composition; semaglutide; weight loss;\n bioelectrical impedance analysis; digital health\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n \n\u003ch4\u003e1. INTRODUCTION\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGlucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP‑1) receptor agonists represent a substantial advance in pharmacological obesity\n management. In the STEP 1 clinical trial, once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg produced mean total body weight\n loss of 14.9% over 68 weeks, compared to 2.4% in the placebo group receiving lifestyle intervention alone —\n approximately 6.2 times greater weight loss than lifestyle intervention alone.¹\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, a consistent finding across GLP‑1 clinical trials is that a meaningful proportion of weight lost derives\n from lean tissue rather than adipose tissue. Neeland et al. documented lean mass reductions of 40–60% of total weight\n lost in some GLP‑1 trial cohorts, with substantial heterogeneity across studies.² Prado et al., in a commentary in The\n Lancet Diabetes \u0026 Endocrinology, reported lean mass loss of 25–39% of total weight lost across medically induced\n weight loss programs.³\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis is clinically significant because skeletal muscle mass is a primary determinant of resting metabolic rate (RMR)\n — the baseline energy expenditure that determines whether a patient can sustain their new body weight after treatment\n ends.⁶ In the STEP 1 extension trial, participants who discontinued semaglutide without a structured metabolic exit\n protocol regained two-thirds of their prior weight loss within one year of stopping treatment.⁴\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Hume Health platform combines GLP‑1 therapy with high-frequency body composition measurement via bioelectrical\n impedance analysis (BIA), physician oversight informed by longitudinal tissue-level data, and an AI guidance system\n (Pro.f) that surfaces body composition patterns for clinical review and member adherence. This analysis examines\n whether this protocol-supported approach is associated with lean mass outcomes below published benchmarks.\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n \n\u003ch4\u003e2. METHODS\n\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.1 Study Design\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis was a retrospective cohort analysis of real-world member data from the Hume Health platform. The analysis period\n spanned active program enrollment through March 2026. The study was conducted under Hume Health Corp internal data\n governance protocols. Member data were de-identified prior to analysis. The study did not constitute human subjects\n research requiring institutional review board oversight under 45 CFR 46 as it involved retrospective analysis of\n de-identified operational data.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.2 Participants\n \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEligible participants were Hume Health premium members who: (1) were actively enrolled in a GLP‑1 therapy program\n during the analysis period; (2) completed a minimum of three Hume Body body composition measurements per week\n throughout the measurement window; and (3) completed weekly attestations confirming engagement with and adherence to\n Pro.f AI protocol guidance. Members who did not meet all three criteria were excluded from analysis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.3 Measurements\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBody weight and body composition were measured at each weigh-in using the Hume , a bioelectrical impedance analysis\n device measuring whole-body and segmental lean mass, fat mass, and total body water. BIA measurements were recorded at\n consistent times relative to weigh-in. Lean mass at peak weight (highest recorded body weight during the measurement\n window) and lean mass at nadir weight (lowest recorded body weight) were identified for each member. Lean mass delta\n was computed as lean mass at nadir minus lean mass at peak. Weight loss was computed as peak weight minus nadir\n weight.\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLean mass loss as a percentage of total weight lost was computed for each member as: (|lean mass delta| \/ weight\n loss) × 100, where lean mass delta was negative for members who lost lean mass and positive for members who preserved\n or gained lean mass. The primary aggregate outcome — weighted mean lean mass loss as a percentage of total weight lost\n — was computed as: (sum of lean mass deltas across all members \/ sum of total weight lost across all members) × 100,\n reflecting the population-level ratio of lean mass change to total weight change.\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.4 Statistical Analysis\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDescriptive statistics were computed for all primary and secondary outcomes. Continuous variables are reported as\n mean (standard deviation) and median. The weighted mean was used as the primary outcome measure for lean mass loss as\n a percentage of total weight lost, as it accounts for variation in total weight lost across members and reflects the\n aggregate population-level body composition response. Members who preserved or gained lean mass during the measurement\n period (lean mass delta ≥ 0) are included in all analyses; their inclusion in the weighted mean computation reduces\n the aggregate lean mass loss percentage relative to analyses restricted to members with lean mass loss.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e3. RESULTS\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3.1 Participant Characteristics\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA total of 6,990 members met all eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis. Baseline characteristics are\n presented in Table 1.\u003c\/p\u003e\n \n\u003cdiv class=\"table_drawer\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTable 1. Baseline Participant Characteristics (n = 6,990)\u003c\/p\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth\u003eCharacteristic\u003c\/th\u003e\n \u003cth\u003eValue\u003c\/th\u003e\n \u003c\/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eSample size (n)\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e6,990\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003c\/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eMean baseline weight, kg (SD)\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e105.3 (21.8)\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003c\/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eMedian baseline weight, kg\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e102.3\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003c\/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eMeasurement frequency (minimum)\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e3 weigh-ins per week\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003c\/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eProof engagement attestation\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eWeekly (required for inclusion)\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003c\/tr\u003e\n \u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n \n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3.2 Weight Loss Outcomes\n \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMean total weight lost was 21.9 kg (SD 6.8), representing a mean reduction of 21.3% (SD 6.7%) of baseline body\n weight. Median weight lost was 19.6 kg, representing 20.0% of baseline body weight. Weight loss outcomes are presented\n in Table 2.\u003c\/p\u003e\n \n\u003cp\u003eTable 2. Weight Loss Outcomes\u003c\/pp\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"table_drawer2\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth\u003eOutcome\u003c\/th\u003e\n \u003cth\u003eResult\u003c\/th\u003e\n \u003c\/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eMean weight loss, kg (SD)\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e21.9 (6.8)\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003c\/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eMedian weight loss, kg\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e19.6\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003c\/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eMean weight loss, % of baseline (SD)\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e21.3% (6.7%)\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003c\/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eMedian weight loss, % of baseline\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e20.0%\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003c\/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eMinimum weight loss, kg\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e15.7\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003c\/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eMaximum weight loss, kg\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e75.4\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003c\/tr\u003e\n \u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3.3 Lean Mass Outcomes\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe weighted mean lean mass loss as a percentage of total weight lost was 16.9% across all 6,990 members. The median\n lean mass loss as a percentage of total weight lost was 19.4%. A total of 890 members (12.7%) preserved or increased\n lean mass over the measurement period (lean mass delta ≥ 0). Among the 6,100 members (87.3%) who lost lean mass, the\n mean lean mass loss as a percentage of total weight lost was 22.0%. Lean mass outcomes are presented in Table 3.\u003c\/p\u003e\n \n\u003cp\u003eTable 3. Lean Mass Outcomes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"table_drawer3\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth\u003eOutcome\u003c\/th\u003e\n \u003cth\u003eResult\u003c\/th\u003e\n \u003c\/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eWeighted mean lean mass loss, % of total weight lost (all members)\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e16.9%\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003c\/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eMedian lean mass loss, % of total weight lost (all members)\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e19.4%\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003c\/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eMembers preserving or gaining lean mass, n (%)\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e890 (12.7%)\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003c\/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eMembers losing lean mass, n (%)\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e6,100 (87.3%)\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003c\/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003eMean lean mass loss, % of total weight lost (among those with lean mass loss)\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e22.0%\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003c\/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003ePublished benchmark (Prado et al., 2024; Neeland et al., 2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e25–39% (range across GLP-1 trials)\u003c\/td\u003e\n \u003c\/tr\u003e\n \u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n \n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3.4 Interpretation of the Weighted Mean Outcome\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe weighted mean of 16.9% reflects the aggregate population-level ratio of total lean mass change to total weight\n lost across all members. Because members who preserved or gained lean mass (12.7% of the cohort) contribute negative\n lean mass loss values to the numerator, the weighted mean is lower than the mean computed among members who lost lean\n mass exclusively (22.0%). Both measures are reported to provide transparency regarding cohort composition. The\n weighted mean is the primary outcome because it most accurately represents the population-level body composition\n impact of the program.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e4. DISCUSSION\n\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis analysis demonstrates that Hume Health premium members on GLP‑1 therapy, who met defined body composition\n monitoring and AI protocol engagement criteria, experienced lean mass loss substantially below the benchmarks\n documented in published GLP‑1 clinical trials. The weighted mean lean mass loss of 16.9% of total weight lost compares\n favorably to the 25–39% range reported by Prado et al.³ and the 40–60% upper range reported in some cohorts by Neeland\n et al.²\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe mechanism by which frequent body composition measurement and protocol-guided engagement may attenuate lean mass\n loss is consistent with established physiology. Skeletal muscle mass is the primary determinant of resting metabolic\n rate.⁶ Interventions that preserve lean mass during caloric restriction — including higher protein intake, resistance\n exercise, and dose calibration timed to body composition response — are documented to reduce lean mass loss during\n weight reduction. The Hume platform protocol facilitates tissue-level visibility that enables these calibrations in\n near real-time; the present analysis cannot isolate which components of the program contributed to the observed\n outcomes.\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe finding that 12.7% of members preserved or gained lean mass during GLP‑1-assisted weight loss is notable. This\n subgroup is likely influenced by favorable baseline characteristics, behavioral factors, and variability in BIA\n measurement across conditions, and should not be interpreted as a program-level guarantee of lean mass preservation.\n Its inclusion in the weighted mean reduces the reported aggregate lean mass loss figure relative to analyses\n restricted to members who lost lean mass.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4.1 Limitations\n \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis analysis has several limitations that should be considered when interpreting results. First, the study is\n retrospective and observational, without a concurrent control group. Comparison to published clinical trial benchmarks\n involves differences in population, measurement methodology, and GLP‑1 agent. Second, body composition was measured\n via bioelectrical impedance analysis rather than dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or magnetic resonance imaging\n (MRI), which are considered the reference standards for lean mass quantification. BIA measurements are sensitive to\n hydration status, time of measurement, and device calibration, and may produce systematic differences relative to\n DXA-derived lean mass values. Third, the cohort consists of premium-tier members who met a minimum engagement\n threshold; results may not generalize to members with lower engagement frequency or to non-engaged GLP‑1 users.\n Fourth, no information on dietary protein intake, resistance exercise participation, or specific GLP‑1 agent and\n dosing schedule was incorporated into this analysis, and these variables are likely to influence lean mass outcomes.\n Fifth, the duration of the measurement window varied across members and was determined by the interval between peak\n and nadir weight rather than a fixed protocol period.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4.2 Future Directions\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProspective controlled study designs with standardized measurement protocols, dietary and exercise co-variate\n capture, and DXA-validated BIA calibration would provide stronger evidence for the role of high-frequency monitoring\n and AI-guided adherence in lean mass preservation during GLP‑1 therapy. Subgroup analyses examining the impact of\n engagement frequency, protein intake, resistance training participation, and GLP‑1 agent on lean mass outcomes would\n further characterize the mechanisms underlying these findings.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5. CONCLUSIONS\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAmong 6,990 Hume Health premium members on GLP‑1 therapy who met defined body composition monitoring and AI protocol\n engagement criteria, the weighted mean lean mass loss as a percentage of total weight lost was 16.9%. This is\n substantially below the 25–39% range reported in published GLP‑1 clinical trial literature. The median lean mass loss\n was 19.4%. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that high-frequency tissue-level monitoring, combined\n with AI-guided protocol adherence and physician oversight informed by body composition data, supports favorable lean\n mass outcomes during medically assisted weight loss. Prospective controlled research is needed to confirm these\n findings and to isolate the active components of the platform protocol.\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n \n\u003ch4\u003eREFERENCES\u003c\/h4\u003e\n \n\u003cp\u003e1. Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, et al. Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity. N Engl\n J Med. 2021;384(11):989–1002. doi:10.1056\/NEJMoa2032183.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. Neeland IJ, Linge J, Birkenfeld AL. Changes in lean body mass with glucagon-like peptide-1-based therapies and\n mitigation strategies. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2024;26(Suppl 4):16–27. doi:10.1111\/dom.15728.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3. Prado CM, Phillips SM, Gonzalez MC, Heymsfield SB. Muscle matters: the effects of medically induced weight loss on\n skeletal muscle. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2024;12(11):785–787. doi:10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00272-9.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4. Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Davies M, et al. Weight regain and cardiometabolic effects after withdrawal of\n semaglutide: The STEP 1 trial extension. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022;24(8):1553–1564. doi:10.1111\/dom.14725.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5. Hume Health Corp. Lean Mass Preservation in GLP‑1 Members: An Internal Outcomes Analysis. 2024. Analysis of 6,990\n premium members. Methodology available on request: research@humehealth.com.\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6. Ravussin E, Bogardus C. Skeletal muscle metabolism is a major determinant of resting energy expenditure. J Appl\n Physiol. 1989;66(3). PMID:2243122.\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n \n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDisclosure Statement\n \u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis analysis was conducted by Hume Health Corp using data from the Hume Health platform. Hume Health Corp is the\n developer of the body composition monitoring hardware (Hume Body Pod) and AI guidance system (Pro.f) evaluated in this\n analysis. No external funding was received. The analysis has not undergone independent peer review. Investigators have\n an inherent commercial interest in the outcomes described.\u003c\/p\u003e" }, "width": 750, "transitionDuration": 150 }

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Lean Mass Preservation During GLP‑1-Assisted Weight Loss in Engaged Digital Health Program Participants

An Outcomes Analysis of 6,990 Hume Health Premium Members

Hume Health Corp • Internal Outcomes Analysis • 2024 Correspondence: research@humehealth.com • Methodology available on request

ABSTRACT

Background. GLP‑1 receptor agonists produce substantial weight loss but are associated with lean mass loss of 25–39% of total weight lost in published clinical trials. Lean mass is a primary determinant of resting metabolic rate, and its loss during weight reduction is associated with impaired weight maintenance following treatment cessation. This analysis examined lean mass outcomes in a real-world cohort of Hume Health premium platform members who met defined engagement criteria.

Methods. Retrospective analysis of 6,990 Hume Health premium members on GLP‑1 therapy who completed a minimum of three body composition measurements per week via the Hume Body (8-sensor bioelectrical impedance analysis) and made weekly attestations of adherence to Pro.f AI protocol guidance. Body composition was measured at each weigh-in. The primary outcome was lean mass loss as a percentage of total weight lost, assessed from highest recorded weight (peak) to lowest recorded weight (nadir). Weighted mean lean mass loss was computed as the ratio of aggregate lean mass change to aggregate total weight lost across the full cohort.

Results. Mean baseline weight was 105.3 kg (SD 21.8). Mean total weight lost was 21.9 kg (SD 6.8), representing 21.3% of baseline body weight. The weighted mean lean mass loss as a percentage of total weight lost was 16.9%. The median lean mass loss as a percentage of total weight lost was 19.4%. A total of 12.7% of members preserved or increased lean mass over the measurement period. Among the 87.3% of members who lost lean mass, mean lean mass loss as a percentage of total weight lost was 22.0%.

Conclusions. Hume Health premium members on GLP‑1 therapy demonstrated lean mass loss substantially below the 25–39% range documented in published clinical trials. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that high-frequency body composition monitoring combined with AI-guided protocol adherence supports favorable body composition outcomes during medically assisted weight loss.

Keywords: GLP‑1 receptor agonists; lean mass preservation; body composition; semaglutide; weight loss; bioelectrical impedance analysis; digital health

1. INTRODUCTION

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP‑1) receptor agonists represent a substantial advance in pharmacological obesity management. In the STEP 1 clinical trial, once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg produced mean total body weight loss of 14.9% over 68 weeks, compared to 2.4% in the placebo group receiving lifestyle intervention alone — approximately 6.2 times greater weight loss than lifestyle intervention alone.¹

However, a consistent finding across GLP‑1 clinical trials is that a meaningful proportion of weight lost derives from lean tissue rather than adipose tissue. Neeland et al. documented lean mass reductions of 40–60% of total weight lost in some GLP‑1 trial cohorts, with substantial heterogeneity across studies.² Prado et al., in a commentary in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, reported lean mass loss of 25–39% of total weight lost across medically induced weight loss programs.³

This is clinically significant because skeletal muscle mass is a primary determinant of resting metabolic rate (RMR) — the baseline energy expenditure that determines whether a patient can sustain their new body weight after treatment ends.⁶ In the STEP 1 extension trial, participants who discontinued semaglutide without a structured metabolic exit protocol regained two-thirds of their prior weight loss within one year of stopping treatment.⁴

The Hume Health platform combines GLP‑1 therapy with high-frequency body composition measurement via bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), physician oversight informed by longitudinal tissue-level data, and an AI guidance system (Pro.f) that surfaces body composition patterns for clinical review and member adherence. This analysis examines whether this protocol-supported approach is associated with lean mass outcomes below published benchmarks.

2. METHODS

2.1 Study Design

This was a retrospective cohort analysis of real-world member data from the Hume Health platform. The analysis period spanned active program enrollment through March 2026. The study was conducted under Hume Health Corp internal data governance protocols. Member data were de-identified prior to analysis. The study did not constitute human subjects research requiring institutional review board oversight under 45 CFR 46 as it involved retrospective analysis of de-identified operational data.

2.2 Participants

Eligible participants were Hume Health premium members who: (1) were actively enrolled in a GLP‑1 therapy program during the analysis period; (2) completed a minimum of three Hume Body body composition measurements per week throughout the measurement window; and (3) completed weekly attestations confirming engagement with and adherence to Pro.f AI protocol guidance. Members who did not meet all three criteria were excluded from analysis.

2.3 Measurements

Body weight and body composition were measured at each weigh-in using the Hume , a bioelectrical impedance analysis device measuring whole-body and segmental lean mass, fat mass, and total body water. BIA measurements were recorded at consistent times relative to weigh-in. Lean mass at peak weight (highest recorded body weight during the measurement window) and lean mass at nadir weight (lowest recorded body weight) were identified for each member. Lean mass delta was computed as lean mass at nadir minus lean mass at peak. Weight loss was computed as peak weight minus nadir weight.

Lean mass loss as a percentage of total weight lost was computed for each member as: (|lean mass delta| / weight loss) × 100, where lean mass delta was negative for members who lost lean mass and positive for members who preserved or gained lean mass. The primary aggregate outcome — weighted mean lean mass loss as a percentage of total weight lost — was computed as: (sum of lean mass deltas across all members / sum of total weight lost across all members) × 100, reflecting the population-level ratio of lean mass change to total weight change.

2.4 Statistical Analysis

Descriptive statistics were computed for all primary and secondary outcomes. Continuous variables are reported as mean (standard deviation) and median. The weighted mean was used as the primary outcome measure for lean mass loss as a percentage of total weight lost, as it accounts for variation in total weight lost across members and reflects the aggregate population-level body composition response. Members who preserved or gained lean mass during the measurement period (lean mass delta ≥ 0) are included in all analyses; their inclusion in the weighted mean computation reduces the aggregate lean mass loss percentage relative to analyses restricted to members with lean mass loss.

3. RESULTS

3.1 Participant Characteristics

A total of 6,990 members met all eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis. Baseline characteristics are presented in Table 1.

Table 1. Baseline Participant Characteristics (n = 6,990)

Characteristic	Value
Sample size (n)	6,990
Mean baseline weight, kg (SD)	105.3 (21.8)
Median baseline weight, kg	102.3
Measurement frequency (minimum)	3 weigh-ins per week
Proof engagement attestation	Weekly (required for inclusion)

3.2 Weight Loss Outcomes

Mean total weight lost was 21.9 kg (SD 6.8), representing a mean reduction of 21.3% (SD 6.7%) of baseline body weight. Median weight lost was 19.6 kg, representing 20.0% of baseline body weight. Weight loss outcomes are presented in Table 2.

Table 2. Weight Loss Outcomes

Outcome	Result
Mean weight loss, kg (SD)	21.9 (6.8)
Median weight loss, kg	19.6
Mean weight loss, % of baseline (SD)	21.3% (6.7%)
Median weight loss, % of baseline	20.0%
Minimum weight loss, kg	15.7
Maximum weight loss, kg	75.4

3.3 Lean Mass Outcomes

The weighted mean lean mass loss as a percentage of total weight lost was 16.9% across all 6,990 members. The median lean mass loss as a percentage of total weight lost was 19.4%. A total of 890 members (12.7%) preserved or increased lean mass over the measurement period (lean mass delta ≥ 0). Among the 6,100 members (87.3%) who lost lean mass, the mean lean mass loss as a percentage of total weight lost was 22.0%. Lean mass outcomes are presented in Table 3.

Table 3. Lean Mass Outcomes

Outcome	Result
Weighted mean lean mass loss, % of total weight lost (all members)	16.9%
Median lean mass loss, % of total weight lost (all members)	19.4%
Members preserving or gaining lean mass, n (%)	890 (12.7%)
Members losing lean mass, n (%)	6,100 (87.3%)
Mean lean mass loss, % of total weight lost (among those with lean mass loss)	22.0%
Published benchmark (Prado et al., 2024; Neeland et al., 2024)	25–39% (range across GLP-1 trials)

3.4 Interpretation of the Weighted Mean Outcome

The weighted mean of 16.9% reflects the aggregate population-level ratio of total lean mass change to total weight lost across all members. Because members who preserved or gained lean mass (12.7% of the cohort) contribute negative lean mass loss values to the numerator, the weighted mean is lower than the mean computed among members who lost lean mass exclusively (22.0%). Both measures are reported to provide transparency regarding cohort composition. The weighted mean is the primary outcome because it most accurately represents the population-level body composition impact of the program.

4. DISCUSSION

This analysis demonstrates that Hume Health premium members on GLP‑1 therapy, who met defined body composition monitoring and AI protocol engagement criteria, experienced lean mass loss substantially below the benchmarks documented in published GLP‑1 clinical trials. The weighted mean lean mass loss of 16.9% of total weight lost compares favorably to the 25–39% range reported by Prado et al.³ and the 40–60% upper range reported in some cohorts by Neeland et al.²

The mechanism by which frequent body composition measurement and protocol-guided engagement may attenuate lean mass loss is consistent with established physiology. Skeletal muscle mass is the primary determinant of resting metabolic rate.⁶ Interventions that preserve lean mass during caloric restriction — including higher protein intake, resistance exercise, and dose calibration timed to body composition response — are documented to reduce lean mass loss during weight reduction. The Hume platform protocol facilitates tissue-level visibility that enables these calibrations in near real-time; the present analysis cannot isolate which components of the program contributed to the observed outcomes.

The finding that 12.7% of members preserved or gained lean mass during GLP‑1-assisted weight loss is notable. This subgroup is likely influenced by favorable baseline characteristics, behavioral factors, and variability in BIA measurement across conditions, and should not be interpreted as a program-level guarantee of lean mass preservation. Its inclusion in the weighted mean reduces the reported aggregate lean mass loss figure relative to analyses restricted to members who lost lean mass.

4.1 Limitations

This analysis has several limitations that should be considered when interpreting results. First, the study is retrospective and observational, without a concurrent control group. Comparison to published clinical trial benchmarks involves differences in population, measurement methodology, and GLP‑1 agent. Second, body composition was measured via bioelectrical impedance analysis rather than dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which are considered the reference standards for lean mass quantification. BIA measurements are sensitive to hydration status, time of measurement, and device calibration, and may produce systematic differences relative to DXA-derived lean mass values. Third, the cohort consists of premium-tier members who met a minimum engagement threshold; results may not generalize to members with lower engagement frequency or to non-engaged GLP‑1 users. Fourth, no information on dietary protein intake, resistance exercise participation, or specific GLP‑1 agent and dosing schedule was incorporated into this analysis, and these variables are likely to influence lean mass outcomes. Fifth, the duration of the measurement window varied across members and was determined by the interval between peak and nadir weight rather than a fixed protocol period.

4.2 Future Directions

Prospective controlled study designs with standardized measurement protocols, dietary and exercise co-variate capture, and DXA-validated BIA calibration would provide stronger evidence for the role of high-frequency monitoring and AI-guided adherence in lean mass preservation during GLP‑1 therapy. Subgroup analyses examining the impact of engagement frequency, protein intake, resistance training participation, and GLP‑1 agent on lean mass outcomes would further characterize the mechanisms underlying these findings.

5. CONCLUSIONS

Among 6,990 Hume Health premium members on GLP‑1 therapy who met defined body composition monitoring and AI protocol engagement criteria, the weighted mean lean mass loss as a percentage of total weight lost was 16.9%. This is substantially below the 25–39% range reported in published GLP‑1 clinical trial literature. The median lean mass loss was 19.4%. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that high-frequency tissue-level monitoring, combined with AI-guided protocol adherence and physician oversight informed by body composition data, supports favorable lean mass outcomes during medically assisted weight loss. Prospective controlled research is needed to confirm these findings and to isolate the active components of the platform protocol.

REFERENCES

1. Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, et al. Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(11):989–1002. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2032183.

2. Neeland IJ, Linge J, Birkenfeld AL. Changes in lean body mass with glucagon-like peptide-1-based therapies and mitigation strategies. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2024;26(Suppl 4):16–27. doi:10.1111/dom.15728.

3. Prado CM, Phillips SM, Gonzalez MC, Heymsfield SB. Muscle matters: the effects of medically induced weight loss on skeletal muscle. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2024;12(11):785–787. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(24)00272-9.

4. Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Davies M, et al. Weight regain and cardiometabolic effects after withdrawal of semaglutide: The STEP 1 trial extension. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022;24(8):1553–1564. doi:10.1111/dom.14725.

5. Hume Health Corp. Lean Mass Preservation in GLP‑1 Members: An Internal Outcomes Analysis. 2024. Analysis of 6,990 premium members. Methodology available on request: research@humehealth.com.

6. Ravussin E, Bogardus C. Skeletal muscle metabolism is a major determinant of resting energy expenditure. J Appl Physiol. 1989;66(3). PMID:2243122.

Disclosure Statement

This analysis was conducted by Hume Health Corp using data from the Hume Health platform. Hume Health Corp is the developer of the body composition monitoring hardware (Hume Body Pod) and AI guidance system (Pro.f) evaluated in this analysis. No external funding was received. The analysis has not undergone independent peer review. Investigators have an inherent commercial interest in the outcomes described.